For those unfamiliar with the network effect, I’m referring roughly to this (from Wikipedia):
Network effects are typically positive feedback systems, resulting in users deriving more and more value from a product as more users join the same network.
I need a little more context for your question. Are we talking about what might Google fuck up and break their stranglehold on people fully enmeshed in their ecosystem? Are you talking about what can a user do to de-Google themselves? Or are you thinking about a regulatory framework to prevent user capture? Or something I haven’t thought of?